Individual Fertility Choices in Poland

• Druk: Warszawa, 2009
• Autor: Monika Mynarska
• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UKSW

Książka obejmuje zagadnienia związane z podejmowaniem decyzji o rodzicielstwie. W całości w jęz. angielskim.

What are the processes contributing to individual reproductive choices, which, at the macro level, are reflected in the substantial drop in birth rates in the current context? How are these choices experienced and justified by young Poles?

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• Język wydania: polski
• ISBN: 978-83-7072-619-5
• Liczba stron: 213

Acknowledgements	9
Chapter 1: Introduction	11
	1.1. Background of the study and research aims	11
	1.2. Outline of the book	16
Chapter 2: The Polish Case	19
	2.1. Fertility patterns in Poland	20
		2.1.1. Fertility	20
		2.1.2. Nuptiality and childbearing	23
		2.1.3. A note on migration	24
		2.1.4. Summary	25
	2.2. Context I: The ever-changing economic and institutional landscape	26
		2.2.1. From a centrally planned to a free market economy	26
		2.2.2. Unemployment	27
		2.2.3. Material situation of Poles	29
		2.2.4. Importance of human capital: Education	30
		2.2.5. Women in the labour market	31
		2.2.6. Provision of childcare	33
	2.3. Context II: The cultural heritage	34
		2.3.1. The Catholic Church	35
		2.3.2. Strong family	35
		2.3.3. Attitudes towards marriage and gender roles	36
		2.3.4. Contraception and abortion	37
	2.4. Summary	39
Chapter 3: Theoretical Approaches to Fertility Decline	41
	3.1. Theories of low fertility	41
		3.1.1. Demographic transitions and post-materialistic values theory	41
		3.1.2. Gender Equity Theory	43
		3.1.3. Globalisation and uncertainty theory	44
		3.1.4. Going micro: combining sub-narratives	45
	3.2. Individual behaviour: fertility choices	50
		3.2.1. Microeconomic approach	50
		3.2.2. Socio-psychological approach: Theory of Planned Behaviour	53
		3.2.3. Socio-psychological approach: Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behaviour	56
	3.3. Fertility choices in Poland: Individual perspectives	58
		3.3.1. The model of individual behaviour: basic assumptions and definitions	60
		3.3.2. Research questions	62
Chapter 4: Methodology of the Research: Qualitative Interviews	65
	4.1. Rationale for the methodology	65
	4.2. Sample selection and characteristics	66
	4.3. Method	72
		4.3.1. Problem-centred interviews	73
	4.4. Qualitative data analysis	78
		4.4.1. Open coding	79
		4.4.2. Axial coding	80
		4.4.3. Selective coding	82
	4.5. A note on the presentation of the results	83
Chapter 5: Motivation to Parenthood	85
	5.1. Positive attitudes: Expected values of children	85
	5.2. Beliefs about parenthood and childlessness	88
		5.2.1. Immediate benefits: A natural course of life events	88
		5.2.2. Delayed benefits: Fear of getting old	90
		5.2.3. Advantages of childlessness and competing goals	92
	5.3. Desire to have children, gender difference, and biology	94
	5.4. A child or children?	100
	5.5. Summary: How is the motivation to have a child formed?	102
Chapter 6: Behavioural Control: Conditions for Parenthood	107
	6.1. Actor-related behavioural control	107
		6.1.1. Individual development	108
		6.1.2. Relationship development: Marriage	109
		6.1.3. Actor-related control: Summary	113
	6.2. Situation-related behavioural control: Economic and institutional aspects	114
		6.2.1. Education	115
		6.2.2. The housing situation in Poland	116
		6.2.3. Job and income	118
		6.2.4. Contradictions in narrations: Is money crucial, and when?	120
		6.2.5. Financial resources and the number of children	122
		6.2.6. Costs of children: Investing money	123
		6.2.7. Costs of children: Investing time	127
		6.2.8. Job insecurity	129
		6.2.9. (Un)Protected mothers	130
		6.2.10. Professional career or earning money?	133
		6.2.11. Childcare arrangements	136
		6.2.12. Childcare: What about men?	139
		6.2.13. Role of the state	141
		6.2.14. Situation-related control: A summary	142
	6.3. Summary: In what way does behavioural control influence fertility choices?	145
Chapter 7: Understanding a Couple’s Choice: Paths to Parenthood	149
	7.1. Behavioural strategies (not) leading to pregnancy	149
	7.2. Understanding transitions to parenthood	162
	7.3. The process leading to fertility choices – a few general remarks	169
	7.4. Summary: Understanding a couple’s choice	170
Chapter 8: Concluding Discussion: Old Values, New Context	173
	8.1. Summary of the findings	173
	8.2. Fertility choices: Anomie or adaptation?	178
References	185
Appendix I Information about the respondents	209
Appendix II Interview guideline	211