Soft Power in Contemporary International Relations

• Druk: Łódź, 2017
• Autor: Robert Łoś
• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Soft power, is not a new phenomenon in a political practice but it may be considered a novelty in the theory of international relations. The concept of soft power reflects the character of changes which took place in international relations when the notion of security was extended to include threats and challenges of non-military character. New threats and challenges require another type of instruments which are identified with soft power to a greater extent. Marginalising soft power is a consequence of one-dimensional perception of power as belonging to the military domain. lt results from an erroneous conviction that soft power resources i.e. culture, values, norms and a political style do not belong to the category of power. Furthermore, soft power must not be overrated at the expense of hard power which is identified with military force and economic pressure. Soft power is certainly an important dimension of power and failure to include it in states’ plans may lead to problems with achieving its basic objectives.

• Kategorie:
  1. Ebooki i Audiobooki »
  2. Ebooki »
  3. Polityka
• Język wydania: angielski
• ISBN: 978-83-8088-900-2
• ISBN druku: 978-83-8088-899-9
• Liczba stron: 240

Pobierz spis treści»

Introduction	9

Chapter 1. Power versus world order	23
1.1. Contemporary world order	25
1.2. Power in theoretical approach	37
1.3. Measures and indicators of power	52

Chapter 2. Resources and instruments of soft power	63
2.1. Soft and hard power: scope of action	65
2.1.1. The concept of soft power	65
2.1.2. Hard power versus soft power	74
2.1.2.1. Military power versus soft power	77
2.1.2.2. Economy versus soft power	82
2.2. Soft power resources	87
2.2.1. Classification of resources 	87
2.2.2. Norms and values 	88
2.2.3. Culture	94
2.2.3.1. Education	101
2.2.4. Foreign policy	102
2.2.4.1. The scope of the notion	102
2.2.4.2. Legitimization	106
2.2.4.3. Ability to build a consensus	110
2.2.4.4. Measures and methods of a state’s foreign policy	112
2.2.4.5. The perception of foreign policy operational environment	115
2.3. New instruments of soft power interaction	117
2.3.1. Public diplomacy	117
2.3.2. Cultural diplomacy	126
2.3.3. National branding	131
2.4. National institutions and a society	136
2.4.1. A state’s political regime and soft power	136
2.4.2. Social conditions of reinforcing soft power	141
2.5. Instruments of support	143
2.5.1. Media	143
2.5.1.1. Communication possibilities and credibility of information	143
2.5.1.2. A role of contemporary media	145
2.5.2. Foundations – think tanks	149
Conclusion	153


Chapter 3. Contemporary power and soft power	157
3.1. Indicators of a state’s hard power	159
3.2. Soft power ranking	171
3.2.1. Selected rankings of soft power	171
3.2.2. Original ranking of states’ soft power	175
3.2.2.1. Diplomacy	175
3.3.2.2. Social-political category	178
3.3.2.3. Popular and high culture	183
3.2.2.4. Education and science	189
3.2.2.5. The social-economic category	192

Conclusion	203
Bibliography	213